Riyadh Idrees ALftkahi, M. and azeez jardo, hazim 2023. The effect of the Hands-on strategy on the achievement of first-grade intermediate students in science and the development of their scientific culture . College of Basic Education Research Journal. 19, 4 (Dec. 2023), 269–296. DOI:https://doi.org/10.33899/berj.2023.181860.