Massoud sharef Aljirah, Nadia. “The Emergence of the Modern Iraqi State in Foreign sources(philip Willard Ireland) As a Model”. College of Basic Education Research Journal 17, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 851–870. Accessed October 26, 2025. https://moss.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/berj/article/view/38843.