Sattar Ismail Abdel Rahman Al Tai, Abdel. “The Dominant and Marginalized in Umayyad Politics and Its Impact on the Fall of the Caliphate”. College of Basic Education Research Journal 19, no. 4 (December 1, 2023): 497–514. Accessed October 26, 2025. https://moss.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/berj/article/view/39731.