College of Basic Education Research Journal

A Study of effect of different agricultural conditions on production of enzyme mannanase from fungal isolate Lentinula edodes

Noor Alaubidi, Faten Noori Abed Husien Mula Abed — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Shiitake mushroom,scientically known as Lentinula edodes, is a white-rot fungus with significant medical and industrial importance ,particularly for being source of mannanase enzymes. Both natural and synthetic mannans are used in its mannan form, which contains substances that stimulate use of β-mannanase in industrial applications due to its multifaceted properties . An isolate of Lentinula edodes was obtained from Al-Waduk Company for Fungal Production and Cultivation in Baghdad. Preliminary screening revealed its ability to produce mannanase enzyme, indicated by a clear zone of hydrolysis measuring 14.6mm in diameter. This isolated was cultivated on LBG medium, yielding an enzyme activity of 2.38 units/ml.

Cultivation studies demonstrated that submerged fermentation reported highest enzyme activity after 9 days of incubation, reaching 2.94 units/ml. this was determined to be the optimal incubation period under the following conditions: 30^oC , LBG as carbon source, 0.4% yeast extract as nitrogen source, pH 6, and an agitation rate of 150 rpm. Additionally, supplementation of culture medium with acacia seeds as a natural compound AL₂O₃ significantly enhanced enzyme production.

Oil and its uses in the Hittite Kingdom 1680-1207 BC

Muhannad Khamis Abdullah — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Hittite Cuneiform Texts dating back to Second Millennium BC contain the oldest information about production of oil as an economic product and its consumption in daily life. Hittite texts show that the Anatolian region was famous for diversity of its agricultural products specially oily plants Researchers differentiated between oils and fats, according to Hittite laws, oil is a commercial product and traded for its high value. Oil and extracted animal fats were used for various and diverse uses, as rituals showed, meaning that oil entered into many areas of Hittite life. It was used as food as an ingredient of various types of Hittite dishes, also used as a medicinal substance with many therapeutic recipes, in addition to its uses in rituals for inauguration of king , rituals of military campaigns and everything related to religious aspects, not to forget to mention perfume industry. Research dealt with oils of various types and their multiple uses in Hittite Kingdom .

The role of the geography factor in the eastern Umayyad Emirate in Andalusia

Abdullah Muhammad Muhammad Hassan, Faiza Hamza Abbas — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The geography infection from the beginning in determining the emirate in Andalusia only for a month related to the economy in that period, including the geographical position of Andalusia, as Andalusia is located in a specific location between Europe and Africa, which helped to enhance the social movement, in addition to the geographical nature, as the diversity of gems (mountains, coasts, plains) contributed to providing natural and diverse things, which supports and growth, in addition to the impact of the climate from the climate, as it contributed to standing in the prosperity of agriculture, which increased self-sufficiency and securing food, as migrations and expansion were a prominent part. The geographical factor facilitated the movement of Arab and Islamic migrations to the h 138 region, which led to the Umayyad Emirate in 756/ AD.

Effect of Variable Practice Schedules Accompanied by Some Educational Tools on Learning Number of Attack Skills in Basketball

Yassin Ibrahim Yacoub, Ali Fattah Rasheed — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Know effect of variable practice schedules accompanied by some educational tools and way followed in learning number of attack skills in basketball on two groups of research.
Preference between control and experimental research groups in learning a number of offensive basketball skills as shown in results of post-test.

Researchers assumed that:

There are significant differences between pre- and post-test results of control and experimental group in learning number of offensive skills in basketball and in favor of post-test results.

Researchers used experimental method with two equal groups. Research community was (190) male and female students of academic year (2023-2024) . Research sample was (32) freshmen in Physical Education and Sport Sciences Department / College of Basic Education / University of Mosul in academic year2023/2024. Two independent variables were given to two classrooms in a random way using simple random draw, each group had (16) students. Control group studied traditionally depending on their professor while experimental group studied according to variable practice schedules accompanied by various educational tools. Educational curriculum contained (16) educational unit so that each group took (8) units. Time of each educational unit is (90) minutes.

Researchers concluded that:

Experimental group that used variable practice schedules accompanied by various educational tools out-performed control group in learning number of offensive skills in basketball in post-test results and all other skills.

The historic achievement of the Iraqi national football team in the 2007 Asian Football Championship (a historical study)

Mohammed Ramadan Najm — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Research consists of five chapters. First chapter deals with introduction of research, its importance, problem, objectives, and human, temporal, and spatial areas of research. The second deals with matches of Iraqi national team in the 18th Arabian Gulf Championship in Emirates. As for third chapter, it includes matches of Iraqi national team in fourth West Asian Championship in Jordan. The fourth one includes matches of Iraqi national team in 2007 Asian Nations Championship, while fifth chapter deals with a set of conclusions and recommendations.

Social Support for Female Players of Volleyball Team of Nineveh’s Directorate of Education- An Analytical Study

Omar Natheer Thanoon Abd al-Baqi — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Aim of this research was to identify level of community support for female players of volley ball team of state directorate of education in Nineveh and to analyze key factors influencing community support. Researcher used descriptive analytical method due to its suitability. Study population was (30) volleyball female players from state directorate of education in Nineveh, while sample consisted of (22) players selected through purposive sampling. For reliability testing, a sample of (8) players excluded from main sample. Researcher used SPSS statistical package to input and analyse data, employing the following statistical methods (mean, standard deviation, t-test for a single sample, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, Pearson correlation coefficient, percentage, and weighted percentage). Results indicated a generally high level of community support. Specifically, analysis revealed significant levels of family , media , and coach support. In contrast, support from fans, team members, and club management was moderate, while self-support showed a notable decrease in responses Researcher concluded that family support is the most influential factor in measurement of sports’ social support, contributing significantly to team’s current level of success. Media support also played a major role in covering team's tournament events and accompanying them in all activities inside and outside the governorate. Researcher recommended continuing and strengthening family support through organizing events and creating communication channels between families and players. Additionally, they emphasized developing media coverage to include multiple media outlets rather than being limited to a single aspect.

The relationship of some kinematic variables to the accuracy of the forehand serve in table tennis

Jassam Mohammed Saleh Al-Hayali — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of this study was to identify the values of some types of kinematic balls (high hand throw speed, angle of the racket, height of the impact point, level of impact level, level of the racket level, level of the ball's first impact distance with the table, height of the ball from the table, and speed of the ball's rise from the table) for the performance of the forehand serve according to outstanding performance. This study also aimed to determine the extent of forehand skill from the new research, and to understand the meaning of the relationship between some of the research kinematic variables and outstanding performance of the forehand serve skill in long tennis.

In order to conduct the study, the researcher selected players from the College of Basic Education team in table tennis. They were photographed with a fast camera, and then the kinetic analysis of the players’ performance was conducted using a special computer analysis program designed by (Al-Hayali, 2023, 45) to obtain the values of the research variables, which were entered into the (SPSS) program with the performance accuracy test scores in order to obtain a significant degree of the relationship between the kinematic variables and the accuracy of the performance of the forehand serve skill in table tennis.

The researcher concluded that the height of the ball throw (H1) affected the accuracy of the forehand serve of one of the research sample members. In addition, the values of the kinematic variables (S1, S3, A2, A3) differed between the performance of the research sample and the performance model of the forehand serve skill of the coach.

Efficiency of five-year learning cycle strategy on achievement in discus throwing event

Mustafa F. J.H.Th. AL- Nadawi, Qusay H.M.A. Al-Zubaidi — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Study aimed to identify efficiency of five-year learning cycle strategy on achievement in discus throwing , as well as knowing differences between two research groups (experimental and control) between post-tests in cognitive , skill and achievement of discus throwing.

Researcher assumed that there was a significant difference in results of two research groups (experimental and control) between pre- and post-tests in discus throwing , in addition to a significant difference in results of two research groups (experimental and control) between post tests of achievement in discus throwing

Research community was determined in a deliberate manner, represented by students of second stage in Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - College of Basic Education / University of Mosul for the academic year (2023-2024). Total number of students in this stage (81) male and female students distributed over three classes . First class contained (26) students, second (25) , and third (30) male and female students, divided into (20) male and (10) female students. Researcher used statistical package (25 - SPSS) to obtain results . Researchers concluded.

Efficiency of five-year learning cycle strategy and current method used in developing skill attainment and achievement for two research groups (experimental and control). In discus throwing .

Experimental group that applied five-year learning cycle strategy outperformed control group in cognitive achievement of discus throwing.

Reaching these results, researcher made several recommendations, the most important of which was:

Necessity of adopting and applying five-year learning cycle strategy in the process of teaching discus throwing , in order to demonstrate its effectiveness in gaining cognitive and skill achievement and achieving this event, as well as adopting and applying five-year learning cycle strategy

Calculating Stability of Some Motor Features Using Re-Test Based on Physical Cycle of Biorhythm ( Comparative Study )

Talal Mohammed Arrawi, Saad Fadhil Abdulqair AlHamdani — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Goals of current research are :

1-calculate stability of some motor features using re-test based on physical cycle of biorhythm

2-Identify moral variance of stability of some motor features in (positive , negative and normal days)

Researchers used survey-descriptive method due to its appropriateness . Society of research was (169) students from department of physical education and sport sciences / college of basic education / university of Mosul for the academic year 2020-2021 . Sample was (60) students from second year divided on three divisions with (20) students each . Sample represents a percentage of (3,61% ) of research’s society . Researchers used (Excel 2010) . Data were treated statistically using (SPSS-25) package . After collecting data , register and discuss results , researchers concluded :

-Physical tests scored acceptable stability values when calculating stability using re-test on normal day of biorhythm of sample

-physical tests scored acceptable stability values when calculating stability using re-test on positive days of physical cycle of biorhythm of sample

-physical tests scored low stability values when calculating stability using re-test on negative days of biological cycle of biorhythm

-Existence of statistically significant differences when comparing stability values in positive and negative days and in favor of positive days of motor features

Building a Scale for Non-Verbal Communication in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Nineveh Governorate

Layth Hazim Habeeb — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Researcher used a descriptive method with a survey approach due to its suitability . Sample consisted of 120 children in centers and institutes for individuals with special needs. Construction steps included defining scale's dimensions, preparing initial version of scale, determining method and formulation of items, as well as relying on scientific steps and procedures for building psychological scales, including expert validity and statistical analysis of items using extreme groups and internal consistency methods, in addition to factor analysis of scale items. Statistical methods were limited to mean, standard deviation, T-test, simple correlation, and factor analysis. Researcher developed a non-verbal communication scale for children with autism in Mosul, and based on results of factor analysis, five factors were extracted sequentially: factor of "joint attention" with 6 items, factor of "visual communication" with 6 items, factor of "imitation" with 6 items, factor of "use of gestures" with 6 items, and factor of "understanding facial expressions and vocal tones" with 6 items, distributed across three alternatives (always applies, sometimes applies, rarely applies). Thus, final version of scale consists of 30 items characterized by construct validity. Given these results, researcher recommends to use current scale by researchers in field of special education to measure non-verbal communication in children with autism, and suggests standardizing current scale for children with autism in Iraq.

Spexin Hormone and Its Relationship With Age, Sex, and Smoking in Heart Attack Patients

Assim Y. Al- Farag, Zena A.M. Al-Jawadi — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Study focused on anthropometric measurements in addition to smoking , its relationship with Spexin hormone (SPX) and its role in heart attack risk for both sexes. 91 samples were collected from people with heart attacks and 91 likewise were collected from people to be control group. Outcomes demonstrated that level of hormone decreased with age, while body mass index (BMI) increased with age for group suffering heart attack compared with control group, incidence rate in males is 2.25 times higher than in females, age is a major factor that affects hormone levels and reduces its activity, males of all age groups usually have a higher infection rate than females of the same age groups. In addition, smokers are more susceptible to heart attacks compared to non-smokers.

Finally, this study discovered a connection between a decline in spexin as well as rise in risk factor for heart attack, which has a strong role, especially in male smokers and those who are overweight.

Spectrophotometric estimation of Methyldopa and Isoprenaline in pure form and pharmaceutical preparations

Hind Khalid Salman, Khalida Mohammed Omar — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Two simple, rapid, highly sensitive, and accurate spectrophotometric methods were utilized to estimate catecholamine drugs methyldopa and isoprenaline. Oxidative coupling reaction was used to estimate methyldopa using ferric nitrate as an oxidizing agent and coupled with mesalazine reagent in an alkaline medium of sodium hydroxide solution producing a blue color measured at λ max 578 nm, linearity of calibration curve was in concentration range 2 -28 µg/ml with a correlation coefficient of 0.9986, molar absorptivity and Sandell's index were calculated , equal to 0.566×10⁴l.mol^-1.cm^-1 and 0.042 µg.cm^-2 respectively, limit of detection and quantification values were equal to 0.06509 and 0.2169 µg/ml, respectively. Isoprenaline was estimated using a azo-coupling reaction using a diazotized p-Nitroaniline reagent coupled with isoprenaline in an alkaline medium of sodium hydroxide solution and 5rt presence of TritonX-100(1%) surfactant solution. The orange-red azo dye produced which measured at λ max 510 nm., calibration curve linearity was in concentration range between 2 -20 µg/ml with a correlation coefficient of 0.9985, molar absorptivity , Sandell's index were calculated and equal to 2.3434×10⁴ l.mol^-1.cm^-1 and 0.0105 µg.cm^-2 respectively, LOD and LOQ were equal to 0.02119 and 0.07064 µg/ml, respectively. These methods proved successful in estimating methyldopa and isoprenaline in pure forms and pharmaceutical preparations.

Isolation and purification of diamine oxidase from green peas and study its properties

Nada I. Abdulrazzaq, Sukayna H. Rashed — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This research included isolating diamine oxidase from green pea extract and partially purifying it, as well as determining its approximate molecular weight, after diamine oxidase was isolated using different biotechnologies. The protein compounds of ammonium sulphate precipitate solution were separated at a saturation rate of 65%, using gel filtration chromatography technology on a separation column containing Sephadex G-100 gel. Results show two clear bands. Band A was excluded, because its activity of diamine oxidase was very low compared to band B. Specific concentration of diamine oxidase in B peak reached (61.32 ng/ml), number of purification times was (3.58 times) and recovery rate was (14.25%) for pea extract. Also, gel filtration technique using G-100 was used to estimate approximate molecular weight of diamine oxidase, which showed that enzyme has a molecular weight of approximately 112,201 daltons. In addition, effect of inhibitors and stimulants on activity of isolated enzyme was studied. Therefore, when using Zolmitriptan and the commonly used headache medicine - Panadol - it was found that former achieved greatest ability to increase effectiveness of diamine oxidase, while elements such as lead and potassium showed that lead has Greater ability to reduce activity of diamine oxidase compared to potassium, which is a less severe inhibitor of diamine oxidase isolated and purified from green peas.

Manufacturing skin whitening sunscreen from kojic acid extracted from a local isolate of fungus Morchella importuna for combination skin type

Wisam J. Hasyan, Shimal Y. Abdul-Hadi — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Continuous exposure to sunlight will expose skin to various problems, including hyperpigmentation, premature winkles, sunburns, and skin cancer. Thus, in order to protect skin from these risks, sunscreen should be used to have a healthy and bright skin. Therefore, a skin whitening sunscreen was manufactured from kojic acid extract of a local isolate for Morchella Importuna fungus, in addition to Vitamin E. Sensory and biochemical tests revealed that this sunscreen has a white colour, a smooth homogeneous texture, a pH of 6.2, and a diffusion time of 12 seconds. In addition, safety tests on rats showed no signs of irritation, redness, or skin sensitivity during the 48- hour test duration. It was shown that manufactured cream has a protection factor of a value of 50, which provides a 98% protection from ultraviolet rays, while that of La Roche sunscreen was 33, which provides 97% protection. Therefore, it is advised to use this manufactured skin whitening sunscreen regularly to maintain skin's health, improve its appearance, and lighten skin via kojic acid use, and protecting it at the same time from harmful ultraviolet rays, including people with combination skin types, and people who care about natural and sustainable products.

Rotational fatigue behavior of AISI 416 stainless steel coated with different ceramic powders using flame thermal spraying technology

Mohammed Mohsin Qassim, Edrees E. Khadeer — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This research aims to study rotating fatigue behavior of stainless-steel alloy (AISI 416) thermally coated with ceramic powders and compare it with uncoated base alloy. To evaluate fatigue life of these alloys, a rotating fatigue device of type (HSM 19) was used to evaluate all tests. Rotational fatigue test was conducted under normal conditions, where generated stresses by applying weights (15, 20, 25, 30 N) were calculated, then number of cycles until failure of each sample was recorded to obtain (S - N) curves. Microstructure and phases of coating were studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Microstructure showed that surface layer of coating many strong precipitates and phases such as (Al₂O₃) and (CoSiO₃) in addition to some secondary precipitates such as (Cr₂O₃) and (Cr₂NiO₄) resultants of interaction between coating components and base alloy at high temperatures during coating and heat treatment. Microscopic examination also showed that most thermal coatings were heterogeneous , free of defects and microscopic cracks with some pores in few parts of coating layer. Results of cyclic fatigue test also showed that number of cycles to failure gradually decreased with increasing stress applied to most samples, as all tested coatings reduced fatigue life of coated alloys except for coated alloy (A₂) which consists of (COCrAlSi 25% w.t + Ni₂O₃ 56.25% w.t + Al₂O₃ 18.75% w.t), as this alloy showed a significant improvement in fatigue resistance .

Effect of Acute Toxicity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Male Albino Rats

Rayya G. Alsultan, Hana Kh. Ismail, Azhar A. AL-Baker, A.I. Alkafaf — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Last decades, nanotechnology technique attracted attention of researchers, it’s considered an important tool in many applications such as healthcare. In this study, Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were used as a parameter for some histological and biochemical changes in male rats. Primary results showed that treated animals with 100 mg/ml on nanoparticles daily showed a response to some histological changes in hepatic and renal tissue. this variation includes characterized degeneration, necrosis, and apoptosis with vascular changes accompanied by inflammatory reactions of hepatic tissue. Regarding histological changes in renal tissue, results showed generation of necrotic changes in epithelium of renal tubules as well as vasculitis , degeneration, and necrosis of the renal corpuscles. Results also displayed an increase in values of Serum acid, Serum creatinine, Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and Alkaline phosphatase in comperes with a control group. however, there was a reduction in values of blood urea and Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) observed in treated animals. In contrast, biochemical results of blood showed an increase in GOT and GPT (serum acid, blood urea, serum creatinine, serum (GOT), serum (GPT), and alkaline phesion. phosotase). Aim of this study was to estimate toxic effect of Concentra.

Impact of Patronage in News Agencies on Translating Political Discourse from Arabic into English

Rusul Loay Saeed Al-Fahady, Anwar Abdulwahab Al-Janabi — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Patronage is one of key elements that affecting translator and translation simultaneously. It presents powers (people, institutions) that can help or hinder reading, writing, and rewriting of literature.

This study aims to demonstrate influence of news agency patrons on translating political speech, and translation in political media which is used for attitudinal manipulation, affecting readers' ability to make up their own opinions, as well as revealing double standards of news agencies and how they appear in translation.

The study hypothesizes that attitudes of news agencies could be changed due to street developments, social media pressures, or recipient expectations, which reflect that news agency patrons influence political discourse translation.

Concerning data collection: four political texts related to current Palestinian-Israeli conflict, specifically 2 texts about the 7^th October day (Al-aqsa Flood operation launch), and other 2 after that (Al-Ahli hospital massacre, and the flour massacre) have been taken from three Arabic News agencies: Al-Jazeera, Al-Arabiya, and Sky News. Source texts have been analysed using text-typology of Basil Hatim (1997). Target texts are analysed according to Managing and Monitoring Shunnaq's translation model (1992).

Study concludes that percentage of monitoring has exceeded managing at day of Al-Aqsa Flood operation, which indicates that translator at that time monitors text somehow with a slight managing. Whereas after Al-Aqsa Flood operation, translator manages text with a slight monitoring, in accordance with regulations of news agency's patrons who are affected by external pressures or impacts to align with target audience.

The meaning of (as if) in the simile in the Holy Quran

Amer Saadoun Mohammed Al-Abadi — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

(Simile image) in Holy Qur’an is: what a simile generates when it comes in suggestive artistic ways that form an image with dimensions and an effective statement.

It is based on two pillars: pronunciation and meaning, or form and content when united through strengthening and clarifying relationships. There is no doubt that (similey image) in Holy Qur’an was suggestive and expressive that expressed meaning perfectly.

Simile tool (as if) came to perform its function through its combination of (kaf) and (an), so simile (with kaf) came together with emphasis with (if), suggesting a strong cohesion between similar and the one being suspected. Therefore, when resemblance becomes strong, tool (as if) is used. Without anything else, just as Queen of Sheba said (as if he is him), and if she had said: (he is like this) it would not have been (the simile) as stated in revelation.

Teachers' educational effectiveness and its relationship to job satisfaction

Aya Ali Hamza Al-Sufi Al-Sufi, Samir Younis Mahmoud Mahmoud — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This research aims to measure level of instructional effectiveness of teachers , level of job satisfaction among male and female teachers in secondary stage in center of Nineveh Governorate, , to identify significance of relationship between instructional effectiveness of teachers and job satisfaction for secondary stage in center of Nineveh Governorate, and to identify relationship between fields of instructional teachers’ effectiveness and job satisfaction .

Research sample consisted of (300) teachers randomly selected from (16) secondary schools , in order to verify objectives of research, two researchers built a scale to measure effectiveness of instructional side of teachers, based on previous literature, especially (Moreno, 2010: 12-18), Researchers adopted job satisfaction scale prepared by (Ma’ani: 2015) consisting of (22) items .

After applying two scales, data obtained from responses of sample members were processed statistically using (SPSS) Program , in addition to a set of statistical methods, like Pearson's correlation coefficient, t-test for one sample .

Results showed existence of a statistically significant difference in measuring level of instructional effectiveness of teachers as well as level of job satisfaction. There was a significant correlation between effectiveness of instructional side of teachers with job satisfaction, and presence of a significant correlation between areas of instructional effectiveness of teachers and job satisfaction.

Given these results, researchers made a number of recommendations, including updating and developing teachers’ information regarding recent developments, team up with experts from local universities to develop programs or training courses to prepare teachers, encouraging school principals to organize many meetings, Spotify difficulties that exist within schools, and increase attention to material and moral incentives The material and moral incentives for teachers, because of their impact on increasing their educational effectiveness and job satisfaction .

Researchers also made a number of proposals, including conducting relative studies between teachers' instructional effectiveness and other variables such as students' academic achievement, teaching flexibility, creative thinking, and emotional balance

Effect of post-amputation stress disorder on psychological adjustment in patients with type 1 diabetes (A field study of two cases at the public hospital institution “Hamadou Hussein” - Sidi Ali-Mostaganem) – Algeria

BOURICHA Djamila, ZERIOUH Assia Zeineb — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Aim of this research is to identify effect of post-amputation stress disorder on psychological adjustment of a patient with type 1 diabetes, and to identify effect of physical health and gender (male-female) on psychological adjustment of a diabetic patient with post-amputation trauma disorder. Research sample consisted of two cases, a male and a female, and we collected data on research variables using:

Davidson's Post-Traumatic Stress Scale, translated by "Abdulaziz Thabet" - Psychological adjustment scale by Dr. Zainab Choucair 2003, These two scales were chosen because they are applicable in Arab environment, whose characteristics are consistent with that of Algerian society. They are codified and subject to validity and consistency. Results led to : Amputees with type 1 diabetes suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder. Post-traumatic stress disorder affects psychological adjustment of patients with type 1 diabetes. Physical health affects psychological adjustment of a type 1 diabetic patient with post-traumatic stress disorder.

Term (devout) and its derivatives in glorious Qur'an from linguistic and textual denotations

Zahra Saad Muhsin — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Term (devout) was dealt with linguistically through dictionaries whereas textual treatment came in literary books as well as additional treatment and meanings provided by Qur'an and interpretation books. Researcher decided to study term (devout) from many perspectives each of which has its different meanings

from worship, obedience fear , unify , stop disobeying Allah , protect, push dangers and bad deeds away , repent , consciousness, loyalty, and being afraid. Meaning (to be afraid) came in (fifty four) places, unifying came in (fourteen) places , worship in (five) places leave disobedience in (fifty one) places loyalty in (five) places , fear in (nineteen) places, obedience in (forty seven) to be warned in (four) places repenting in (two) places avoid all bad deeds in (one) fortification in (one) protect and push away all bad deeds in (one) . Devout in holy Qur'an has many meanings that differ according to text . It's these texts that give different meanings. Holy Qur'an mentioned word devout repeatedly because it's way to reach Allah , reason for his love . Devout in holy Qur'an cane in many syntactic levels as verbs in ( past , present and nomination) tenses and came in as nouns with its derivatives

Mohammed Amin Al-Khatib Al-Omari's method ((Tijan al-Bayan in quran problems))

Saad Farman Mahmoud — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This research dealt with method taken by Mohammed Amin Al-Khatib Al-Omari in his book ((Tijan Al-Bayan in quran problems))

This research included an introduction, six objects and a finale. Introduction dealt with title, relevance and plan of research

As well as manner in which author committed and adopted it in his book. Six objects also talked about a brief biography of Al-Khatib Al-Omari.Then research was concluded with most important findings,Then enlisted sources that were relied upon in writing this research

The benefits mentioned by Imam al-Nawawi in his commentary on Sahih Muslim (The Book of Prayer as a Model) – A Comparative Jurisprudential Study –

Niran Marbad Muhammad Umar al-Jubouri, Abd al-Salam Ibrahim Majeed — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Praise be to God Almighty, in this research, benefits mentioned by Imam Al-Nawawi in his explanation of Sahih Muslim ( Book of Prayer as a Model) - a comparative jurisprudential study - were studied. In all jurisprudential matters, researcher relied on a lot of sources and references, and compared opinions of jurists of four schools Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi’i and Hanbali in terms of disagreement and agreement, , weighting their opinions in which there was no agreement from a jurisprudential justification. Researcher documented significance of reasonable doubt.

Representations of Cultural Destruction - A Reading of Selected Critical Samples

Tariq Ziad Mohammed — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Technical development in last decade started relatively slow and then turned into a cognitive and cultural explosion that is often uncontrollable. As literary and critical studies are not isolated from this great development, Arab critics have kept pace with it with writings in response to this change, but this response may be a double-edged sword; the first is a collision and direct confrontation with this development, while the second is going with flow in a way that matches technical developments that are taking place in a way that may be understood as a promotion of this technical development. Destruction meant in this research is a cultural one that may be storming Arab culture out of nowhere; Twitter culture from the point of view of (Dr. Abdullah al-Ghadami) may be a real destruction of old Arab cultural centralization; or concept of (cultural blindness) in one of its aspects is a question about (hegemony) whether it is an extension of legitimization of minority and its submission to central culture? Therefore, this research will stop at books that I believe provide us with answers to questions, most notably:

- Is cultural destruction a dismantling of traditional values?

- Is individual voice versus collective is a form of cultural destruction?

- Is cultural hegemony a cultural destruction or power domination?

- Is digital heroism and group tweets a cultural destruction or a response to changes of times? These and other questions will be answered through a comprehensive critical examination that follows strategies of critique of a range of critical studies, namely:

- Twitter Culture - Freedom of Expression or Responsibility of Expression \ Abdullah Al-Ghadhami (2016).

- I am an Islamist, so I exist - Transformations of ego in virtual age \ Said Benkrad (2016).

- Cultural blindness from hegemony of institution to legitimization of minority \ Hani Al-Younis (2019).

بدأ التطور التقني في العقد الماضي بطيئًا نسبيًا ثم تحول إلى انفجار معرفي وثقافي غالبًا ما لا يمكن السيطرة عليه. ولم تكن الدراسات الأدبية والنقدية بمعزل عن هذا التطور الكبير، فقد واكبه النقاد العرب بكتابات ردا على هذا التغيير، لكن هذا الرد قد يكون سلاحا ذا حدين؛ الأول هو الاصطدام والمواجهة المباشرة مع هذا التطور، والثاني هو السير بشكل ينسجم مع التطورات التقنية التي تحدث بشكل يمكن فهمه على أنه تعزيز لهذا التطور التقني. التدمير المقصود في هذا البحث هو تدمير ثقافي قد يقتحم الثقافة العربية من العدم؛ ثقافة تويتر من وجهة نظر (د.عبدالله الغدمي) قد تكون تدميراً حقيقياً للمركزية الثقافية العربية القديمة؛ أم أن مفهوم (العمى الثقافي) في أحد جوانبه هو السؤال عن (الهيمنة) هل هي امتداد لشرعنة الأقلية وخضوعها للثقافة المركزية؟ ولذلك سيتوقف هذا البحث عند الكتب التي أعتقد أنها تقدم لنا أجوبة عن تساؤلات أبرزها:

- هل التدمير الثقافي هو تفكيك للقيم التقليدية؟

- هل الصوت الفردي مقابل الصوت الجماعي هو شكل من أشكال التدمير الثقافي؟

- هل الهيمنة الثقافية تدمير ثقافي أم هيمنة على السلطة؟

- هل البطولة الرقمية والتغريدات الجماعية تدمير ثقافي أم استجابة لتغيرات الزمن؟ هذه الأسئلة وغيرها سيتم الإجابة عليها من خلال فحص نقدي شامل يتبع استراتيجيات نقد مجموعة من الدراسات النقدية، وهي:

- ثقافة تويتر – حرية التعبير أم مسؤولية التعبير / عبدالله الغدامي (2016).

- أنا إسلامي إذن أنا موجود - تحولات الأنا في العصر الافتراضي / سعيد بنكراد (2016).

- العمى الثقافي من هيمنة المؤسسة إلى شرعنة الأقلية / هاني اليونس (2019).

Related multiplicity, as in Al-Durr Al-Masun by Al-Sam'in Al-Halabi (d. 756 AH)

Jassim Taha Ahmed — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Linguistic studies were untamed and were only agreed upon by skilled grammarians and masters of science among interpreters and interpreters of Holy Qur’an. Since then, meaning and parsing have appeared as an inseparable duality, one inseparable from the other. However, they stipulated presence and validity of meaning for parsing, so they had (parsing is a branch of meaning). Research, “Multiple attachments to (if) in Al-Durr Al-Masun written by Al-Sameen Al-Halabi (d. 754 AH).” stopped at multiplicity of related word (then) in Holy Qur’an and left its connection with one related thing. Connection between meaning and parsing was a close one, and accordingly, first basis is validity of parsing. This multiplicity is in possibility of a connection, as it indicates greatness of explanation of Holy Qur’an and its miracle, as meaning is shown in sura. Different in one structure, and all of this revolves around meaning and understanding context of noble verses. Research was divided into two sections: the first, dealing with attachment to two related things, and this topic is also divided into attachment to a verb or noun and attachment to two verbs, Second topic: attachment to more than two related things, and in analyzing texts, We mention words of Al-Samin Al-Halabi first after mentioning noble verse.

The Purpose of Sustainability in Endowment Investment in the Choices of Al-Kamal Ibn Al-Hammam A Comparative Jurisprudential Study

Saleh Yassin Abdul Rahman — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study addresses topic of " Sustainability in Waqf Investments in Legal Opinions of Al-Kamal Ibn Al-Humam: A Comparative Jurisprudential Study", exploring juristic selections of Imam Al-Kamal Ibn Al-Humam in waqf (endowments) and their role in achieving sustainability to ensure perpetual benefits of waqf in alignment with objectives of Islamic law.

Study begins by clarifying concept of sustainability in waqf, focusing on Ibn Al-Humam's contributions to establish jurisprudential principles that preserve continuity of waqf benefits. It examines his stance on investing waqf assets and renewing their resources, highlighting his emphasis on managing waqf to maintain its sustainability and fulfill its intended objectives.

Study further explores impact of Ibn Al-Humam’s views on achieving sustainability, emphasizing his commitment to safeguarding waqf assets and directing their investments towards long-term projects. It also highlights his flexible administrative approach to waqf, ensuring perpetual realization of societal benefits. Additionally, the study delves into his applications for reviving neglected waqf properties and renewing their functions in line with objectives of Sharia.

A comparison is drawn between Ibn Al-Humam’s opinions and those of other scholars from various Islamic schools of thought, showcasing distinctiveness of his methodology, which combines flexibility and a profound alignment with Sharia objectives, particularly in ensuring continuity of waqf returns.

Study concludes with recommendations to develop waqf management practices based on Ibn Al-Humam’s methodology, emphasizing importance of contemporary jurisprudential efforts to enhance sustainability of waqf as a means of societal development.

Capital and its Importance to Economists.

Ammar Bader Al-Helaly — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Capital Plays important role in important issues enlisted within specific additions and principles like - increasing and doubling productivity. You can start your own business without having capital for it, and this is necessary if you choose to increase your productivity and obtain multiple products that you provide. Capital’s role became larger and more important, specially within great advances in technology . Goods that can be produced manually over a long period are now produced many times more in a short period through use of specialized equipment and machines. Capital provides equipment and raw materials for manufacturing. Capital With aim of providing necessary raw materials for production in good quality and sufficient quantity, it also provides necessary equipment and devices that facilitate production process, without which it would be impossible to improve and increase productivity.

Educational implications derived from the Battle of Badr related to the doctrinal (faith) aspect

Faiz Hashim Ali Muhammad — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Praise belongs to Allah , most merciful most beneficent

And peace be upon his prophet Mohammed sent as mercy for humanity

Allah , most merciful , sent prophets and messengers to give people good tidings , to warn them and guide them after straying . Those messengers were infallible, Allah ordered people to follow their instructions. Last prophet was Mohammed ( peace be upon him ) ,who honored this nation , made obedience to him and following his example obligatory .

His companions were most lovable , sincere followers . They supported him protected him , sworn to obey him for better or worse Such love made disbelievers wonder about such strong ties of affection between prophet and his followers that exceeded respect or fear as it was with king of Ethiopia or Romans One image of such true love is that after prophet died his followers fought to spread Islam and taught their children the biography of prophet ( peace be upon him ) .

Such follow of prophet’s biography comes from all blessings , because prophet’s life was real embodiment of lessons , regulations and orders of Qur’an

One important aspect of prophet’s biography is his battles . When studying them we find his lessons , wisdom , knowledge of military aspects and mercy. Historians studied prophet’s life from historically point of view thoroughly documented it as well as educators .

Current research consists of two parts

First : concept of faith-based concepts

Second : selected examples of faith -based concepts of Badr battle

Dialogue in the Poetry of Muslim ibn al-Walid

Ahmed Taha Saleh — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Dialogue is an element of narrative style , poets employed it in their poems since pre-Islamic era , through early Islamic period , to reach Umayyad era , Its use increased among Abbasid poets , to mention but one, Muslim ibn al-Walid , This research explores effectiveness of dialogue in his poetry and how he employs it as a means to express ideas and feelings deeply embedded within his poet . Study aims to uncover methods and techniques used by poet to employ dialogue .

Impediments to Tort Liability in Islamic Jurisprudence

Karm Abdul Aziz Muhammad Amin Abdullah Al-Imam — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In Islamic jurisprudence, "theory of guarantee" refers to topic of exemptions from tort liability, which is considered one of the fundamental subjects in civil law. Study seeks to explore cases and reasons that exempt individuals from bearing legal and moral responsibility for damages caused, despite existence of a harmful act .Research examines exemptions from tort liability related to personal capacity and competence, including natural and acquired impairments .Study concludes that exemptions from tort liability serve as a safeguard to achieve balance between protecting injured party and preventing excessive imposition of responsibility on individuals for their actions.

The hadiths that were declared weak by Al-Hafiz Al-Sakhawi (d. 902 AH) in his book Al-Qawl Al-Badi’ fi Al-Salawa Ala Al-Habib Al-Shafi’ (may God be pleased with him)

Walid Ahmed Abed Al-Jabouri, Abu Dharr Luqman Muhammad Amin Al-Habar — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This research included a study of three hadiths out of a total of nine hadiths that Al-Hafiz Al-Sakhawi (d. 902 AH) - may God Almighty have mercy on him - expounded in his book The Wonderful Saying in Praying for the Beloved Intercessor (may God Almighty bless him and grant him peace), where he - may God Almighty have mercy on him - exalt the first hadith with a composition. The chain of transmission of a hadith on the basis of another hadith, and the second hadith was attributed to the disagreement of one of its narrators from the Companions - may God be pleased with them -, and the third hadith was attributed to the illusion of one of its narrators, by making it from the chain of transmission of another companion.

Biokinetic analysis of the stages of weight lifting and its relationship to the level of achievement for elite female players in Iraq

Faridoun Hassan Othman — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The research aims to :

1-Identifying some biokinetic variables for elite female players in Iraq with the effectiveness of pushing weight.

2-Studying the relationship between some biogenetic variables of elite players in Iraq with the effectiveness of pushing weight and the level of achievement .

The study was conducted on a sample of (4) top players in the effectiveness of weightlifting participating in the Iraqi championships, and they are the elite participants. The researcher used video imaging with a high-speed camera (220 images / sec). By using the kinetic analysis program for the purpose of obtaining the required data, the researcher has used statistical means such as the mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation and the simple correlation coefficient using the (spps) bag to process the data, and the results obtained by the researcher were discussed as follows:

1-The lack of horizontal distance negatively affected the achievement .

2-The resultant lack of distance had a negative impact on the achievement.

3-The height of the center of gravity of the body has an effect on achievement because it works to direct the body upwards .

4-The horizontal speed of the arm aiming for the pushing stage has a positive effect on the achievement.

5-The ability of the shooter to release the weight in a shorter time had a positive impact on achievement.

The following recommendations were reached :

1-Emphasis on performing the glide stage correctly because it gains the body and weight at an initial speed to achieve a better achievement .

2-The need to pay attention to the angle of launch of the weight, because it is one of the factors affecting the projectile.

3-Emphasis on the technical performance on the mechanical basis, starting from the starting position in the throwing circle, passing through the glide, then the launching stage and throwing the tool as far as possible .

Symbol in Short Story of Mahmood Jandari

Nabhan Hasson Abdullah Al- Saadoon, Samir Hisham Aziz Ask — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Mahmood Jandari stands among pioneers of short story writers locally, and nationally. He belongs to sixties generation who brought about turning point in short story. He is one of the few names that worked on experimentation and modernity in Iraqi narrative art, especially utilizing symbols of history, myths, wonders, color, and intersection of time, place, and characters in multiple forms. This research aimed to study historical symbol in short story of Mahmood Jandari.

This research consists of an introduction and three sections. The introduction included defining concept of historical symbol. First section devoted to study historical symbol in story collection ( Years of Thirst), second studies historical symbol in his story collection (The Siege), while third section dealt with historical symbol in his story collection ( Terraces of the gods).

Research adopted an analytical method of historical symbol in short story of Mahmood Jandari, according to objective analysis to demonstrate aesthetic value of narrative texts.